Soil lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are the two highest priority contaminants on the ATSDR-EPA Substance Priority List representing significant toxicity and occurrence at Superfund sites. Neurodevelopmental ramifications of childhood Pb exposure, especially for those ≤ 5 years of age, cause permanent losses in IQ, resulting in approximately 824 million IQ points lost in the United States during the last century. Additionally, As is a widespread carcinogen. Despite the severity, soil remediation methods are largely limited to resource int ...  [more]