|
Subpart CC Standards
Applicability
Waste Determination
Tanks
Containers
Closed-Vent Systems and Control Devices
Treatment Alternatives
Surface Impoundments
|
|
Subpart CC Standards
|
|
This section discusses applicability, waste determination, tanks, containers, closed vent systems, treatment
alternatives, and surface impoundments for the Subpart CC standards. |
|
Applicability
|
| Applicability |
|
Description: Applicability considerations for in the Subpart CC standards
are provided in the following three decision trees.
Decision Tree No. 1 may be used to determine if Subpart CC standards
apply to tanks at a facility, Decision Tree No. 2 may be used
for containers, and Decision Tree No. 3 may be used for
surface impoundments. The descriptions of the exemptions and
exclusions presented in the decision trees are abbreviated. The exclusions
that are identified in the decision trees do not affect the
requirement to maintain appropriate records which provide
information on the basis and documentation of the exclusion that
is applied to the unit. |
|
Waste Determination
|
| Waste Determination |
|
Description: A more detailed description of the waste determination
requirements is described. |
| Direct Measurement |
|
Description: The VO concentration can be determined by testing the waste
according to one of seven methods specified in the regulations
or other methods validated according to Method 301. |
| Process Knowledge |
| Description: There are many examples of process knowledge that a facility
can collect to indicate that the waste has VO concentrations
less than 500 ppmw. Sources such as manifests, shipping
papers, waste certification notices, material balances or
compound-specific test data from previous testing at this or
other similar processes may be used. Documentation that the
process generating the hazardous waste uses no material
containing organics or test data obtained by using a method not
specified or validated in accordance with Subpart CC could
also be a form of process knowledge. Documentation must be
maintained as is described in 40 CFR 265.1084(a)(4). |
| Average Volatile Organic Concentrations Calculations |
|
Description: At least four samples are required to calculate the average
volatile organic concentration. These values along with the
mass of the sample are needed for the average VO
concentration calculation. |
| Sampling Procedures and Protocols |
|
Description: The owner or operator of the facility must collect and handle all
samples in accordance with a written site sampling plan. The
plan must describe the procedures for collecting representative
samples such that integrity is maintained. Sampling procedures
should minimize the loss of compounds due to volatilization,
biodegradation, reaction or sorption during the sample
collection, storage and preparation steps. The sampling plan is
to be maintained on-site in the facility records. |
| Method 25D |
|
Description: Method 25D is the method used to test hazardous wastes to
determine whether or not those wastes can be managed in units
not equipped with air emission controls. The method, when
applied to a waste sample, produces a concentration number for
comparison with the regulatory action level of 500 ppmw. The
method can be used for many different waste types. Some
examples of the different waste types analyzed include well mixed
wastes, multi-phase wastes and solids. |
|
Tanks
|
| Control Technologies Overview |
|
Description: The RCRA organic air emissions standards have two levels of
control for emissions from tanks managing hazardous waste
with organic concentration equal to or greater than 500 ppmw.
These control levels are referred to as Tank Level 1 controls
and Tank Level 2 controls. If a tank is required to used
controls, the control level applicable to the tank is determined
by the tank design capacity and the maximum organic vapor
pressure of the material in the tank. |
| Tank Level 1 Controls |
|
Description:A tank is allowed to use the Level 1 controls if it does not
exceed maximum organic vapor pressure for that tank
design capacity. The hazardous waste in the tank can not be heated by the owner or
operator to a temperature that is greater than the temperature at
which the maximum organic vapor pressure of the hazardous
waste was determined. |
| Tank Level 2 Controls |
|
Description: For those tanks containing waste which exceed the maximum
organic vapor pressure for tank design capacity or if
stabilization or other exothermic treatment process is occurring
in the tank, Tank Level 2 controls must be used. An owner or
operator may choose Tank Level 2 controls even if the
maximum organic vapor pressure for the tank is not exceeded
or if stabilization is not occurring in that specific tank. |
| Fixed Roof Tank with Internal Floating Roof |
|
Description: The internal floating roof (IFR)in a fixed roof tank with IFR design
must float on the liquid surface except when the floating roof
must be supported by the leg supports. The IFR must be equipped with a continuous seal between the wall
of the tank and the floating roof edge. The continuous seal must
be either a single continuous seal that is either liquid-mounted or
a metallic shoe seal or two continuous seals mounted one above
the other. |
| External Floating Roof |
|
Description: An external floating roof must be designed to float on the liquid
surface except when the floating roof must be supported by the
leg supports. The external floating roof must be equipped with
two continuous seals, one above the other, between the tank
wall of the tank and the roof edge. The lower seal is referred to
as the primary seal, and the upper seal is referred to as the
secondary seal. |
| Pressure Tank |
|
Description: The tank must be designed not to vent to the atmosphere as a
result of compression of the vapor headspace in the tank during
the filling of the tank to its design capacity. All tank openings
must be equipped with closure devices designed to operate with
no detectable emissions. Whenever a hazardous waste is in the
tank, the tank must be operated as a closed system that does
not vent to the atmosphere except in the event that a safety
device is required to open to avoid an unsafe condition. |
| Enclosure Vented Through a Closed-Vent System to an Enclosed Combustion Control Device |
|
Description: For a tank applying this control option, the tank must be located
inside an enclosure, which is designed and operated in
accordance with the criteria for a permanent total enclosure as
specified in “Procedure T - Criteria for and Verification of a
Permanent or Temporary Total Enclosure” under 40 CFR
52.741, Appendix B. It is the responsibility of the owner or
operator to perform the verification procedure for the enclosure
as specified in Section 5.0 to “Procedure T - Criteria for and
Verification of a Permanent or Temporary Total Enclosure”
initially when the enclosure is first installed and annually
thereafter. The criteria for permanent total enclosure as
described in “Procedure T” are included in this hand book in
Appendix D. |
| Waste Transfer Requirements |
|
Description: Any transfer of hazardous waste from a tank to another tank or
from a tank to a surface impoundment must be conducted using
continuous hard piping or another closed system if the tanks are
subject to Subpart CC requirements. The waste transfer
system must not allow exposure of the hazardous waste to the
atmosphere. |
| Repair Requirements |
|
Description: The owner or operator must repair each defect detected during
an inspection within 45 calendar days of detection. A first
attempt at repair must be made no later than five calendar days
after detection of the defect. |
| Recordkeeping Requirements |
|
Description: The owner or operator must prepare and maintain records for
each tank using air emission controls in accordance with
Subpart CC regulations (265.1085). The records must include
a tank identification number. Records of each inspection must
be kept by the owner or operator for at least three years. |
|
Containers
|
| Containers |
|
Description: Containers with organic waste with concentrations equal to or
greater than 500 ppmw must apply controls to the containers to
limit the exposure of organics to the atmosphere. There are
three levels of controls for containers. The use of a specific level
of control is determined by the size of the container, the type of
waste within the container (i.e., light-material, etc.) and if any
stabilization, as defined in 40 CFR 265.1081, is occurring
within the container. |
| Containers Level 1 Controls |
|
Description: In order to use Container Level 1 controls, the container must
be less than or equal 0.46 m3. Containers greater than 0.46 m3
may be used if it does not contain light materials. Light material
is defined as a waste stream will contain one or more
compound which have a vapor pressure greater than 0.3
kiloPascals (KPa) at 20°C. |
| Containers Level 2 Controls |
|
Description: Container Level 2 controls may be used for waste stored in
containers greater than 0.46 m3 which manage material in light
liquid service. Level 2 controls can not be used for waste
undergoing stabilization. Container Level 2 controls include
three different options from which the owner or operator may
choose. |
| Containers Level 3 Controls |
|
Description: If waste stabilization is occurring within the container, the owner
or operator must use Container Level 3 controls. There are
two options for Level 3 controls. |
|
Closed-Vent Systems and Control Devices
|
| Overview |
|
Description: A control device by definition, as presented in 40 CFR
264.1031, is an enclosed combustion device, vapor recovery
system or flare. In RCRA air standards, devices which recover
or capture solvents or other organics for use, reuse or sale are
not control devices. |
| Vapor Recovery Control Devices |
|
Description: A control device involving vapor recovery must be designed
and operated to recover the organic vapors vented to it with an
efficiency of 95 weight percent or greater. If the total organic
emission limits for all affected process vents at a facility are
maintained at an efficiency of greater than 95 weight percent,
the vapor recovery device may be operated at an efficiency of
less than 95 weight percent. Examples of vapor recovery units
include condensers and carbon adsorbers. |
| Flares |
|
Description: Flare systems are primarily used to handle large amounts of
waste gas or vapors. Gas containing organics is continually fed
to and discharged from a stack, with the combustion occurring
near the top of the stack and characterized by a flame at the
end of the stack. Although flares can be used to destroy
organics in accordance with Subpart CC standards, such
systems can present safety problems including explosion and
thermal-radiation hazards from the flame. |
| Enclosed Combustion Devices |
|
Description: An enclosed combustion device may be used to reduce organic
air emissions of Subpart CC units by 95 percent or greater.
Some examples of enclosed combustion devices are thermal
vapor incinerators, boilers and process heaters. |
| Inspection and Monitoring Requirements |
|
Description: If a condenser is used, the owner or operator has two choices
for monitoring the unit. The first option is a monitoring device
equipped with a continuous recorder to measure the
concentration level of the organic compounds in the exhaust
vent stream from the condenser. |
| Recordkeeping Requirements |
|
Description: The owner or operator must include a detailed engineering
description of the control devices used. This must include the
manufacturer’s name and model number of control device, the
type of control device, the dimensions of the control device, the
capacity, and the construction materials. |
|
Treatment Alternatives
|
| Treatment Alternatives |
|
Description: Treatment alternatives allow owners or operators of tanks,
surface impoundments, and containers to select alternative
provisions for determining when a treated hazardous waste is no
longer required to be managed in accordance with Subpart CC
control requirements. Air emissions controls are no longer
required for waste management in downstream units receiving
hazardous waste which has been treated to meet the criteria
found in 40 CFR 265.1083(c)(2). The waste determination
processes for each of the treatment alternatives considered in
the Subpart CC standards are specified in 40 CFR
265.1084(a) and (b). A treatment alternative case study is
included in this handbook in Appendix C. |
| Treatment Alternative 1 |
|
Description: The first treatment alternative is a process that removes or destroys the organics to an
established exit concentration limit established for the
process. In order to meet the waste treatment criteria specified
for this alternative, the volatile organic concentration at the point
of waste treatment must be less than a value. The exit
concentration limit calculated is mass weighted to account for
waste volume as well as concentration. |
| Treatment Alternative 2 |
|
Description: The second treatment alternative is a process that removes the organic reduction efficiency such
that the removal is greater than 95%. In order to meet the
criteria of this alternative, two values must be determined. The
first is the organic reduction efficiency (R) which is calculated
using the waste volatile organic mass flow entering and exiting
the treatment process. The value R is calculated using the
following equations. |
| Treatment Alternative 3 |
|
Description: The third treatment alternative is referred to as the organic mass
removal rate alternative. Two values must be calculated to
determine if the criteria of this treatment alternative have been
met. |
| Treatment Alternative 4 |
|
Description: There are two biological degradation alternatives. One method is
to demonstrate the organic reduction efficiency (R) and the
organic biodegradation efficiency (Rbio) are both equal to or
greater than 95 percent. |
| Treatment Alternative 5 |
|
Description: The treatment process must meet three conditions in order to
comply with this alternative. Any subsequent storage and
treatment does not require CC controls. |
| Treatment Alternative 6 |
|
Description: This alternative is referred to as the organic reduction efficiency
and waste concentration limit. If the organic reduction
efficiency (R) for the treatment process is greater than or equal
to 95 percent and the VO concentration of each of the
hazardous waste streams entering the process is certified by the
owner or operator to be less than 10,000 ppmw at the point of
waste origination, then air emission controls are no longer
required under the Subpart CC regulations for the waste
streams exiting the treatment process. |
| Treatment Alternative 7 |
|
Description: This alternative applies to wastes which are treated in a
harzardous waste incinerator. If the owner or operator has a
final permit under 40 CFR 270 and meets the requirements of
40 CFR 264, Subpart O, or if the owner or operator has
certified compliance with the interim status requirements of 40
CFR 265, Subpart O, then any waste stream exiting these
combustion processes would not require air emission control
under Subpart CC. |
| Treatment Alternative 8 |
|
Description: The final treatment alternative is referred to as the boilers and
industrial furnaces alternative because it uses boilers or industrial
furnaces to destroy the organics in the wastestream. If the
owner or operator has a permit under 40 CFR 270 and meets
the requirements of 40 CFR 266.103, or if the owner or
operator has certified compliance with the interim status
requirements of 40 CFR 266, Subpart H, then waste streams
exiting these treatment units are not subject to the Subpart CC
air emission controls. |
|
Surface Impoundments
|
| Surface Impoundments |
|
Description: Surface Impoundments for which all hazardous waste entering
the unit has an average CO concentration at the point of waste
origination of less than 500 parts per million by weight (ppmw)
must control air pollutant emissions by installing either of the
following: (1) a floating membrane cover; or (2) a cover that is
vented through a closed-vent system to a control device. |
| Control Devices - Floating Membrane Cover |
|
Description: The floating membrane cover is installed in a manner such that
there are no visible cracks, holes, gaps, or other open spaces
between cover section seams or between the interface of the
cover edge and its foundation. |
| Control Devices - Cover Vented |
|
Description: For the owner or operator who controls air pollutant emissions
using a cover vented to a control device there are certain
requirements that must be met. The surface impoundment shall have a cover and be vented directly
through a closed-vent system to a control device. The cover
and its closure devices shall be designed to form a continuous
barrier over the entire surface area of the liquid in the surface
impoundment. |
| Material of Construction |
|
Description: The cover and its closure devices shall be made of suitable
materials that will minimize exposure of hazardous waste to the
atmosphere, to the extent practical, and will maintain integrity
of the cover and closure devices throughout their intended service
life. |
| Inspections |
|
Description: An initial inspection of the floating membrane cover and its
closure devices is preformed on or before the date that the
surface impoundment becomes subject to Subpart CC.
Thereafter, inspections shall be performed at least once every
year except for the special conditions where the inspection or
monitoring of the cover would expose a worker to dangerous,
hazardous or other unsafe conditions. |
|
